The religious and spiritual centre of the Eastern Orthodox Church for nearly one thousand years, the church was dedicated to the Holy Wisdom. It has been described as "holding a unique position in the Christian world" and as an architectural and cultural icon of Byzantine and Eastern Orthodox civilization. Beginning with subsequent Byzantine architecture, Hagia Sophia became the paradigmatic Orthodox church form, and its architectural style was emulated by Ottoman mosques a thousand years later. As the episcopal see of the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople, it remained the world's largest cathedral for nearly a thousand years, until Seville Cathedral was completed in 1520. The present Justinianic building was the third church of the same name to occupy the site, as the prior one had been destroyed in the Nika riots. It is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and is said to have "changed the history of architecture". It was formally called the Church of the Holy Wisdom ( Greek: Ναὸς τῆς Ἁγίας τοῦ Θεοῦ Σοφίας, romanized: Naòs tês Hagías toû Theoû Sophías) and upon completion became the world's largest interior space and among the first to employ a fully pendentive dome. The current structure was built by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I as the Christian cathedral of Constantinople for the Byzantine Empire between 532 and 537, and was designed by the Greek geometers Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. In other words, after the construction of the Orthodox Church, then the Catholic Cathedral, then the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul on, it was converted into a mosque after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, it became a museum in 1935, then a mosque again in 2020. Although its title was accepted as an orthodox church, a mosque, a museum and then a mosque again, the building carried the title of Catholic cathedral for a long time after the fourth crusade. The present Hagia Sophia is the third, built in 537 AD. The building was erected three times by the Eastern Roman Empire. ' Holy Wisdom' Ancient Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, romanized: Hagía Sophía Latin: Sancta Sapientia Turkish: Ayasofya), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque ( Turkish: Ayasofya Camii), is a mosque and major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey.
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